Geography

Londoners may have the highest average incomes, but their household spending once you account for housing costs is lower than other regions.

On average, London local authorities rank at the top of the income distribution, but are bottom of the net-of-housing consumption distribution.

Measuring living standards using average household spending gives a starkly different picture of regional inequalities than using average income.

Explore how and where the government spends money, and how this has changed over time, in all regions and nations of the UK

How much does the government spend in each region of England and how does that compare with regional economic activity?

Almost a third of local authorities in Great Britain already have employment rates of 80%, one in six have employment rates below 70%.

How can the UK achieve an 80% employment rate? What lessons can we learn from history and other countries?

Average exposure to PM2.5 in England fell by 54% between 2003 and 2023. Almost everywhere in England is now below England’s 2040 target for PM2.5.

Air pollution exposure in London is consistently 15–30% higher than the average from 2003 to 2023.

The regions with the biggest falls in air pollution since 2003 are the South West and the South East, with the North East seeing the smallest fall.

We set out how air pollution (PM2.5) has changed across England and explore inequalities by ethnicity, income deprivation, region and age.

The responsiveness of housing supply to local demand is highest in the East of England and lowest in and around London and in the North-West.

See how house prices and house building have changed in your area, and compare how responsive building has been to prices in areas across England.

How do post-COVID claimants of health-related benefits compare with pre-COVID claimants? Where in the UK are they? How do other countries compare?

This comment discusses how well housebuilding in England has responded to changes in local demand over the last 25 years.