More from IFS
Understand this issue

Drastic times need drastic action: breaking the 50-year tax taboo
Rachel Reeves should consider increasing the basic rate, just as Denis Healey did in 1975
14 April 2025

Rank of local authorities by average household income compared to rank by average consumption after housing costs
On average, London local authorities rank at the top of the income distribution, but are bottom of the net-of-housing consumption distribution.
11 April 2025

Average household consumption spending before and after housing costs, and mean weekly per-capita income, in different local authorities, 2018–2019
Londoners may have the highest average incomes, but their household spending once you account for housing costs is lower than other regions.
11 April 2025
Policy analysis

Here’s a pension tweak for nudging civil servants to work past 60
Public sector pension rules are a mess that helps neither workers nor the government. Fixing them could be a win-win.
28 April 2025

Which places have the highest standard of living?
Measuring living standards using average household spending gives a starkly different picture of regional inequalities than using average income.
11 April 2025

Where and how does the government spend its money?
Explore how and where the government spends money, and how this has changed over time, in all regions and nations of the UK
10 April 2025
Academic research

The impact of labour demand shocks when occupational labour supplies are heterogeneous
We develop a tractable equilibrium model of the labour market with heterogeneous labour supply elasticities by occupation and across occupation pairs.
8 April 2025

The menopause "penalty"
We show that a menopause diagnosis leads to lasting drops in earnings and employment, alongside greater reliance on social transfers.
21 March 2025

Small area consumption estimates for local authorities in Great Britain
In this paper, we estimate average equivalised consumption measures across local authority districts in Great Britain.
11 April 2025