More from IFS
Understand this issue

Air pollution in England by MSOA over time, measured by PM2.5 exposure, 2003 to 2023
Average exposure to PM2.5 in England fell by 54% between 2003 and 2023. Almost everywhere in England is now below England’s 2040 target for PM2.5.
6 December 2024

Housing supply elasticities and percentage changes in number of properties and house prices across England, 1996 to 2021
The responsiveness of housing supply to local demand is highest in the East of England and lowest in and around London and in the North-West.
22 November 2024

How have local house prices and house building changed across England?
See how house prices and house building have changed in your area, and compare how responsive building has been to prices in areas across England.
22 November 2024
Policy analysis

Employment rates by local authority, year to June 2024
Almost a third of local authorities in Great Britain already have employment rates of 80%, one in six have employment rates below 70%.
12 December 2024

Exposure to air pollution in England, 2003–23
We set out how air pollution (PM2.5) has changed across England and explore inequalities by ethnicity, income deprivation, region and age.
6 December 2024

Average PM2.5 exposure by region
Air pollution exposure in London is consistently 15–30% higher than the average from 2003 to 2023.
6 December 2024
Academic research

There and back again: women’s marginal commuting costs
2 April 2024

The distribution of doctor quality: evidence from cardiologists in England
9 August 2022

Spatial disparities across labour markets
2 February 2022