Our work on education spending

Which graduates would repay less under different reforms to Plan 2 student loans, and when? And how much might these proposals cost taxpayers?

This annual report compares spending across different stages of education in England and analyses the pressures and choices facing policymakers.

Pupil numbers are falling rapidly across the UK. This report analyses the choices facing policymakers and past declines in pupil numbers.

The government’s White Paper on post-16 skills falls short of a coherent plan. We assess the funding and finance implications of the proposed reforms.

This annual report contains our latest estimates of spending per pupil and resource challenges across different stages of education in England.

Spending on special educational needs (SEND) is becoming unsustainable due to the rise in high needs. Reform to SEND funding and provision is needed.

This report examines the major challenges for education in Wales, including low outcomes across a range of measures and high levels of inequality.

Our sixth annual report on education spending shows changes over time across different stages of education, as well as geographic differences.

This short report compares the level of school spending per pupil across the four nations of the UK.

This is our fifth annual report on education spending funded by the Nuffield Foundation

By 2024−25, after accounting for the specific costs facing schools, we estimate that school spending per pupil will still be 3% lower than in 2010.

In the last decade, there have been significant cuts to spending on adult education and large falls in the numbers of adult learners, particularly amongst those taking low-level qualifications.

We discuss how the cost of childcare has changed over time, and how it varies across the country and between different types of families.

At the end of February, the government announced the most significant reform to the student loans system in England since at least 2012.