More from IFS
Understand this issue

The Schools Bill: what's changing and why?
The bill aims to improve education and social care for children. But will it work?
11 March 2025

Rethinking the Education Maintenance Allowance: Lessons from a long-term analysis
This evidence should prompt us to look beyond simple financial incentives for classroom attendance.
10 March 2025

Share of apprenticeship budget spent on each apprenticeship level
The proportion of funding directed to higher-level apprenticeships (level 4 and above) has trebled between 2017–18 and 2021–22 from 13% to 39%.
16 January 2025
Policy analysis

The short- and long-run effects of the Education Maintenance Allowance
This report studies the long-run effect of the Education Maintenance Allowance on educational attainment, earnings and crime.
26 February 2025

Which places have the highest standard of living?
Measuring living standards using average household spending gives a starkly different picture of regional inequalities than using average income.
11 April 2025

How did tax credits transform the UK welfare system?
Over 20 years since they were introduced, tax credits have now been replaced by universal credit. How did they change the UK welfare system?
4 April 2025
Academic research

The short- and long-run effects of paying disadvantaged teenagers to go to school
This working paper studies the long-run effect of a cash transfer to disadvantaged students on educational attainment, earnings and crime.
26 February 2025

Measuring cost of living inequality during an inflation surge
We provide new evidence that inflation inequality surged during the 2021–2023 cost-of living crisis.
9 May 2025

Estimating intra-household sharing from time-use data
Estimating intra-household sharing is crucial to understanding overall inequality. However, expenditure data is almost always at the household level.
2 May 2025