More from IFS
Understand this issue

Drastic times need drastic action: breaking the 50-year tax taboo
Rachel Reeves should consider increasing the basic rate, just as Denis Healey did in 1975
14 April 2025

Average household consumption spending before and after housing costs, and mean weekly per-capita income, in different local authorities, 2018–2019
Londoners may have the highest average incomes, but their household spending once you account for housing costs is lower than other regions.
11 April 2025

Rank of local authorities by average household income compared to rank by average consumption after housing costs
On average, London local authorities rank at the top of the income distribution, but are bottom of the net-of-housing consumption distribution.
11 April 2025
Policy analysis

How did tax credits transform the UK welfare system?
Over 20 years since they were introduced, tax credits have now been replaced by universal credit. How did they change the UK welfare system?
4 April 2025

Which places have the highest standard of living?
Measuring living standards using average household spending gives a starkly different picture of regional inequalities than using average income.
11 April 2025

Where and how does the government spend its money?
Explore how and where the government spends money, and how this has changed over time, in all regions and nations of the UK
10 April 2025
Academic research

Small area consumption estimates for local authorities in Great Britain
In this paper, we estimate average equivalised consumption measures across local authority districts in Great Britain.
11 April 2025

The menopause "penalty"
We show that a menopause diagnosis leads to lasting drops in earnings and employment, alongside greater reliance on social transfers.
21 March 2025

TaxDev collaborating with Government of Ghana on VAT, customs, and distributional analysis
Ghana Ministry of Finance officials explain how the partnership with TaxDev is helping to improve tax policy analysis
24 February 2025