Pay

This briefing note provides background information on the police service in England and Wales. It details recent changes in police numbers and in police funding, and examines some indicators of police performance in the light of these changes. Finally, it considers briefly the Labour Party’s proposal to increase the number of police officers.

This briefing note, released as part of the IFS's pre-election analysis, provides key information about minimum wages in the next parliament.

We develop a new quantile-based panel data framework to study the nature of income persistence and the transmission of income shocks to consumption.

This note has been written in the run-up to the 2017 general election. IFS Election 2017 analysis is being produced with funding from the Nuffield Foundation as part of its work to ensure public debate in the run-up to the general election is informed by independent and rigorous evidence.

IFS Election 2017 analysis is being produced with funding from the Nuffield Foundation as part of its work to ensure public debate in the run-up to the General Election is informed by independent and rigorous evidence.

35 Years of Reforms: a panel analysis of the incidence of, and employee and employer responses to, social security contributions in the UK

The incidence of social security contributions in the United Kingdom: evidence from discontinuities at contribution ceilings

We put forward a method for estimating discount rates using wealth and income data. We build consumption from these data using the budget constraint. Consumption transitions yield discount rates by household groups. Applying this technique to a sample of older households, we find a similar distribution to those previously estimated using field data, though with a much lower mean than those found using experiments. Surprisingly, among this older population, patience is negatively correlated with education and numeracy. This goes against the positive correlation found for younger populations in experiments and some field studies. We discuss potential explanations for this result.

The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) has today published the latest official statistics on household incomes, covering the financial year 2015–16. IFS researchers have summarised the headline trends observed in the new data and placed them in historical context in order to understand better changes in living standards in recent years.

Public sector pay has been squeezed since public spending cuts began to take effect from 2011, and it looks set to be squeezed even further up to 2020. However, this comes on the back of an increase in public sector wages relative to those in the private sector during the Great Recession. There is currently significant policy interest in the extent to which continued stagnation in public sector wages will affect the ability of the public sector to recruit and retain high-quality workers, although to date little is known about the potential effects.

We use data on household incomes from the Family Resources Survey, together with OBR macroeconomic forecasts and announced changes in tax and benefit policy, to project household incomes up to 2021–22.

Two decades of income inequality in Britain: the role of wages, household earnings and redistribution

Two decades of income inequality in Britain: the role of wages, household earnings and redistribution.

In this briefing note, we examine police officer retention in some detail.

The success of universal preschool education depends crucially on the policy parameters and specific country context.