This paper develops a new approach to the estimation of consumer demand models with unobserved heterogeneity subject to revealed preference inequality restrictions. Particular attention is given to nonseparable heterogeneity. The inequality restrictions are used to identify bounds on counterfactual demand. A nonparametric estimator for these bounds is developed and asymptotic properties are derived. An empirical application using data from the UK Family Expenditure Survey illustrates the usefulness of the methods.
Authors

Co-director, CPP Institute
Richard is an CPP Institute Co-director and the Ricardo Professor of Political Economy at University College London.

UCLA

Journal article details
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jeconom.2014.01.005
- Publisher
- Elsevier B.V.
- JEL
- C20, D12
- Issue
- Volume 179, Issue 2, April 2014, pages 112-127
Suggested citation
Blundell, R., Kristensen, D., and Matzkin, R. (2014), 'Bounding quantile demand functions using revealed preference inequalities'179(2), 112–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2014.01.005
More from IFS
Understand this issue

Rank of local authorities by average household income compared to rank by average consumption after housing costs
On average, London local authorities rank at the top of the income distribution, but are bottom of the net-of-housing consumption distribution.
6 February 2026

Did inflation cause the cost of living crisis?
Inflation is down from its peak, but prices still feel high. What caused the spike, are we near 2%, and what happens next?
6 February 2026

Can the government make us eat more healthily?
Are sugar taxes working? We examine government efforts to improve diets and how weight-loss drugs could change the debate.
5 November 2026
Policy analysis

Which places have the highest standard of living?
Measuring living standards using average household spending gives a starkly different picture of regional inequalities than using average income.
11 April 2025

Unemployment, benefits and household spending: new evidence from UK bank account data
How much protection does the benefit system afford the newly unemployed? We use UK bank account data to track financial impacts of job loss.
9 January 2026

Economic outlook: headwinds on the horizon
Conflict in the Middle East and the subsequent energy price shock will squeeze households and make the economic backdrop to the Budget more difficult.
12 October 2026
Academic research

Small area consumption estimates combining survey and financial footprints data
We estimate average equivalised consumption measures across 370 local authority districts in Great Britain.
27 August 2026

Durables and lemons: Private information and the market for cars
Private car quality information means the sale price reflects the average quality of cars sold and can be lower than the population's average quality.
4 February 2026

How do commuters adapt to local pollution pricing?
We study the phased introduction of London’s Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ), a tax on highly-polluting vehicles.
5 December 2025