Online appendix for IFS working paper W10/16

Understand this issue

Average household consumption spending before and after housing costs, and mean weekly per-capita income, in different local authorities, 2018–2019

data item

Londoners may have the highest average incomes, but their household spending once you account for housing costs is lower than other regions.

11 April 2025

Rank of local authorities by average household income compared to rank by average consumption after housing costs

data item

On average, London local authorities rank at the top of the income distribution, but are bottom of the net-of-housing consumption distribution.

11 April 2025

Two-child limit mitigation in Scotland would help larger poor families but policy design could harm work incentives

comment

Mitigating the two-child limit policy would be an effective way to reduce child poverty, but designing an effective policy is not straightforward. 

14 March 2025

Policy analysis

IFS Deaton Review: Inequalities in the 21st Century special session at the RES 2025 Annual Conference

announcement

This year's RES Conference features a special session on the IFS Deaton Review of Inequalities with key IFS contributors to the review.

16 June 2025

What the spending review really means for schools

comment

The next few years are going to be very tight for school budgets and forecasting anything more than a real-terms freeze is highly optimistic.

12 June 2025

Council tax hikes will do the heavy lifting

comment

IFS Senior Research Economist Kate Ogden writes in Municipal Journal about what the 2025 Spending Review will mean for public services and councils.

17 June 2025

Academic research

Small area consumption estimates for local authorities in Great Britain

working paper

In this paper, we estimate average equivalised consumption measures across local authority districts in Great Britain.

11 April 2025

Measuring cost of living inequality during an inflation surge

working paper

We provide new evidence that inflation inequality surged during the 2021–2023 cost-of living crisis.

9 May 2025

Estimating intra-household sharing from time-use data

working paper

Estimating intra-household sharing is crucial to understanding overall inequality. However, expenditure data is almost always at the household level.

2 May 2025