Topics

Topics

Topics
Business and investment Consumption and prices Education and skills Employment and income Government finances and spending Health and social care International development Poverty, inequality and social mobility Research methods Savings, pensions and wealth Taxes and benefits
Collections
Student finance NHS waiting lists Levelling up Housing

Help me find something
Research and analysis
Research and analysis
Reports

Reports

Featured content
The Mirrlees Review

Comment

Working papers

Journals

Press releases

Presentations

Fiscal Studies

Data

Fiscal facts
Help me find something
Podcasts, explainers and calculators
Podcasts, explainers and calculators
Podcasts

Explainers

Calculators and tools

Calculators and tools

Additional resources
Fiscal facts Guides, manuals, software and more

What would it take to fix social care?
podcast
<p class="p1">How does social care work, why has reform proved so difficult, and what would it take to build a fairer and more sustainable system?</p>
17 September 2026
Land value tax: the perfect tax?
podcast
<p>Unlike most taxes, land value tax doesn’t discourage people from working, investing or building. So why don’t we use it more?</p>
7 September 2026
How to fix business rates
podcast
<p class="p1">Business rates are blamed for killing the high street. But would cutting them actually help shops and pubs - or simply make landlords richer?</p>
27 August 2026
Additional resources
Guides, manuals, software and more Fiscal facts: public finances, tax and benefits
Help me find something
Events
Events
Events

Seminars

Annual lectures

Past presentations

Training courses

Sharing income tax revenues with England’s mayors: the issues and options
event 2 October 2026
<p>This online event will explain the rationale, risks and design choices behind assigning England's mayoral authorities a share of local income tax.</p>
IFS Annual Lecture: Are Ideas Harder to Find, Overall?
event 12 October 2026
<p><span data-teams="true">Nobel Laureate Philippe Aghion will deliver the 2026 IFS Annual Lecture.</span></p>
IFS Green Budget 2026
event 14 October 2026
<p><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(37, 61, 64);display:inline !important;float:none;font-family:"DM Serif Text", serif;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">The IFS Green Budget will assess the state of the UK economy and the government’s fiscal position ahead of the Autumn Budget.</span></p>
Help me find something
About
About
People

People

Research fellows

Research Associates

Former research staff

Visitors

Communications, finance and administration

Announcements

Governance

How we are funded

Impact

Jobs

Press office

History of the IFS

Contact

Jobs
landing page
<p>At IFS, we recruit and train top-quality economists and professional support staff. We foster a respectful and inclusive working environment.</p>
20 July 2022
Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy
The Research Centre at the heart of IFS is the CPP.
Help me find something

The impact of free early education for 3 year olds in England

Published on 12 November 2014

This presentation was given at the Department for Education on 12 November 2014.

This presentation was given at the Department for Education on 12 November 2014.

Authors

Person graphic

Sarah Cattan

Research Fellow

Sarah is a Research Fellow at the Institute for Fiscal Studies.