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Seven key facts about UK living standardsMore from IFS
Understand this issue

Air pollution in England by MSOA over time, measured by PM2.5 exposure, 2003 to 2023
Average exposure to PM2.5 in England fell by 54% between 2003 and 2023. Almost everywhere in England is now below England’s 2040 target for PM2.5.
6 December 2024

Buying a home in London in your twenties is difficult, but not impossible
Foregoing a degree for an apprenticeship, saving during Covid and being born and bred in the capital have helped. With sky-high rents, others are not.
25 November 2024

How to reduce child poverty: compare the policy options
Use these charts to compare policies for reducing child poverty and to examine how child poverty rates have changed over time across different groups.
3 October 2024
Policy analysis

How should governments help households during an energy crisis?
The government spent billions on support to help households with their energy bills in 2022–23. Could a better-designed package have saved money?
31 January 2025

Share of 25- to 34-year-olds living with parents up by over a third since the mid 2000s
The rise in people living with their parents has been concentrated among those in their late 20s and varies substantially by ethnicity.
11 January 2025

Exposure to air pollution in England, 2003–23
We set out how air pollution (PM2.5) has changed across England and explore inequalities by ethnicity, income deprivation, region and age.
6 December 2024
Academic research

The determinants of local housing supply in England
We estimate local housing supply elasticities for 325 local authorities and 6,788 census tract areas in England.
4 February 2025

The welfare effects of price shocks and household relief packages: Evidence from the European Energy Crisis
How should governments respond to rapid increases in the cost of living driven by shocks to the prices of staple goods?
31 January 2025

Individual welfare analysis: Random quasilinear utility, independence and confidence bounds
We introduce a novel framework for individual-level welfare analysis.
13 December 2024