

On average, London local authorities rank at the top of the income distribution, but are bottom of the net-of-housing consumption distribution.
6 February 2026

Londoners may have the highest average incomes, but their household spending once you account for housing costs is lower than other regions.
6 February 2026

Measuring living standards using average household spending gives a starkly different picture of regional inequalities than using average income.
11 April 2025

In this paper, we estimate average equivalised consumption measures across local authority districts in Great Britain.
11 April 2025