In this paper we describe the history of state pension policy in the UK since the introduction of the State Pension in 1948. We calculate simple summary measures of the generosity of the system over time and of the degree to which the system has created implicit taxes on, or subsidies to, work at older ages.
Birth weight is the most widely used indicator of neonatal health. It has been consistently shown to relate to a variety of outcomes throughout the life cycle. Lower birth weight babies have worse health and cognition from childhood, lower educational attainment, wages, and longevity. But what's in birth weight? What are the aspects of the prenatal environment that birth weight actually reflect?
This article examines a novel motive for resource pooling in family networks in rural economies: to relax credit constraints and facilitate investment in non‐collateraliseable assets for which credit market imperfections are most binding.
New figures show that men tend to spend longer commuting to work than women. IFS analysis shows that this ‘gender commuting gap’ starts to widen after the birth of the first child in the family and continues to grow around a decade after that. This bears a striking resemblance to the evolution of the gender wage gap.
How would you fund the NHS? Use this tool to try and reach these projected funding “targets” through increasing taxes and / or by cutting government spending in other areas.
Allowing local authorities to retain business rates exposes them to risk if revenues fall. Neil Amin-Smith of the IFS considers how this risk might play out between county and district councils - and how it can be mitigated.
This presentation was given at an event held to present the highlights from a programme of IFS research, supported by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, on poverty and low income.
This paper examines the long-term impacts on health and healthy behaviors of two of the oldest and most widely cited U.S. early childhood interventions evaluated by the method of randomization with long-term follow-up.
More work is needed to distinguish precautionary saving motives from other motives, such as the desire to leave bequests. In this paper, progress toward disentangling these motivations has been made by matching other features of the data, such as public and private insurance choices.
