Race

What are the drivers of ethnic gaps in private pension participation rates and what consequences will these gaps have for future retirement incomes?

Ethnic minorities were exposed to levels of air pollution 13% higher than white populations in 2003; this ‘ethnic pollution gap’ shrank to 6% by 2023.

In 2019, 50% of ethnic minorities were exposed to more than 10µg/m3 air pollution. By 2023, this number had fallen to close to zero.

There is a clear positive correlation between the ethnic minority share and air pollution concentration. 

On average, ethnic minorities were exposed to levels of PM2.5 6% higher than those for white people in 2023, down from 13% in 2003.

We set out how air pollution (PM2.5) has changed across England and explore inequalities by ethnicity, income deprivation, region and age.

How does the ethnicity mix of NHS doctors compare with wider populations? How does it differ by seniority, gender, specialty and country of training?

We consider who would be affected by each of the proposed MERs, and then assess whether the introduction of a minimum eligibility requirement is likely to achieve the government’s stated aim of ensuring that ‘students undertaking degree study have attained the baseline skills required to engage with and benefit from the course’.

Areas with larger ethnic minority populations experienced greater reductions in emergency admissions during the first ten months of the Covid-19 pandemic.