More from IFS
Understand this issue

The Autumn Budget 2025 explained
From tax rises to new spending pressures, we break down the major decisions in a packed Autumn Budget and what they mean for the UK.
27 November 2025

Should the middle classes get benefits?
Should benefits be universal or means-tested? We trace the history of UK welfare from Beveridge to today.
2 October 2025

How could the Chancellor cut spending?
Where does the government spend its money, why are cuts challenging, and what options does the Chancellor really have to reduce the size of the state.
20 November 2025
Policy analysis

Support for children with disabilities and special educational needs
How do trends, demographics and outcomes of children receiving support for health conditions compare across the benefits and education systems?
3 October 2025

Rapid rise in children receiving support for special educational needs and disabilities drives spending ever higher
The share of children receiving SEND support has nearly doubled in a decade, with spending set to reach £21 billion by 2029
3 October 2025

None of Scotland’s parties has fully faced up to the fiscal reality facing the next Scottish Government
All parties’ plans would add to the fiscal challenges facing the next Scottish Government – albeit to very different extents
27 April 2026
Academic research

Incentive effects of disability benefits
Using German pension records and exogenous policy variation, we identify behavioral responses to changes in benefit generosity
3 December 2025
On the fiscal challenge posed by transiting to a sustainable population level in aging societies: insights from a 4 epoch overlapping generations model
Expert opinion suggests the planet’s feasibly sustainable population size is roughly half its current level.
20 January 2026

The effects of increasing the female state pension age and the interactions with labour market histories
We examine the impact of increasing the state pension age (SPA) for women in the UK from age 60 to 66 on income, expenditure and wellbeing.
17 September 2025