Access
We present new estimates of earnings volatility over time and the life cycle for men and women by race and human capital, using Social Security earnings linked to the Current Population Survey. From the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, there is a strong negative trend in earnings volatility driven by a decline in transitory variance. From the mid-1990s, there is relative stability in trends of male earnings volatility due to an increase in the variance of permanent shocks. Cohort analyses indicate that earnings volatility is U-shaped, driven by large permanent shocks early and later in the life cycle.
Authors

CPP Co-Director
Richard is Co-Director of the Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy (CPP) and Senior Research Fellow at IFS.

Christopher Bollinger

Economist US Census Bureau

Research Fellow University of Kentucky
James is a Research Fellow at the IFS and a Professor of Economics at University of Kentucky.
Journal article details
- DOI
- 10.1086/732667
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Issue
- Volume 43, Issue S1, April 2025, pages S1-S444
Suggested citation
Blundell, R. et al (2025), 'Interpreting Cohort Profiles of Life Cycle Earnings Volatility', Journal of Labor Economics, 43(S1), S1–S444, https://doi.org/10.1086/732667
More from IFS
Understand this issue

If you can’t see it, you can’t be it: role models influence female junior doctors’ choice of medical specialty
24 April 2024

Still a man’s world? Gender inequalities, parenthood and the workplace
23 August 2023

IFS contributor Claudia Goldin wins Nobel Prize in economics
9 October 2023
Policy analysis

Ethnic differences in private pension participation after automatic enrolment
What are the drivers of ethnic gaps in private pension participation rates and what consequences will these gaps have for future retirement incomes?
23 January 2025

Working in your 60s: a way to stay young for some
On average, women who remained in work for longer following increases in the state pension age saw improved cognition and less physical disability.
13 May 2025

Here’s a pension tweak for nudging civil servants to work past 60
Public sector pension rules are a mess that helps neither workers nor the government. Fixing them could be a win-win.
28 April 2025
Academic research

The menopause "penalty"
We show that a menopause diagnosis leads to lasting drops in earnings and employment, alongside greater reliance on social transfers.
21 March 2025

Female genital cutting and the slave trade
We investigate the historical origins of female genital cutting (FGC) and how FGC is associated with the Red Sea route of the African slave trade.
10 May 2025

Imagine your life at 25: gender conformity and later-life outcomes
We analyse thousands of essays written by 11-year-old girls in 1969 to assess conformity with gender norms and its implications for future outcomes.
22 February 2025