Appears in
The past and future of UK health spendingMore from IFS
Understand this issue

Social care is the nightmare that won’t go away
A government with a big majority should have had the political will to do more than just set up another review.
6 January 2025

Air pollution in England by MSOA over time, measured by PM2.5 exposure, 2003 to 2023
Average exposure to PM2.5 in England fell by 54% between 2003 and 2023. Almost everywhere in England is now below England’s 2040 target for PM2.5.
6 December 2024

It’s time to be honest about the funding of social care
16 September 2024
Policy analysis

PM2.5 exposure by income deprivation quintile, in 2004
The most deprived quintile consistently has higher PM2.5 pollution levels than the least deprived quintile, and this gap has widened since 2017.
6 December 2024

Exposure to air pollution in England, 2003–23
We set out how air pollution (PM2.5) has changed across England and explore inequalities by ethnicity, income deprivation, region and age.
6 December 2024

Average PM2.5 exposure and share of population facing PM2.5 levels above 10 µg/m3 over time
The average level of air pollution exposure faced by an English resident has fallen significantly since 2003.
6 December 2024
Academic research

Call for papers: IFS-ADBI-GHE Workshop on Health Economics in LMICs 2025
Submissions are open until 15th February for the IFS-GHE Workshop on Health Economics in LMIC 2025

Firm quality and health maintenance
We estimate the impact of firm quality – primarily measured by firm productivity – on the health maintenance of employees.
18 December 2024

Public insurance and marital outcomes: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansions
We find that an increased likelihood of Medicaid eligibility reduces marriage rates, particularly among people with higher education levels.
8 November 2024