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Early yearsMore from IFS
Understand this issue

Rethinking the Education Maintenance Allowance: Lessons from a long-term analysis
This evidence should prompt us to look beyond simple financial incentives for classroom attendance.
10 March 2025

Share of apprenticeship budget spent on each apprenticeship level
The proportion of funding directed to higher-level apprenticeships (level 4 and above) has trebled between 2017–18 and 2021–22 from 13% to 39%.
16 January 2025

How can government reduce child poverty?
We're exploring why there's been an increase in child poverty since 2010 and options the government has to reduce this.
3 October 2024
Policy analysis

The short- and long-run effects of the Education Maintenance Allowance
This report studies the long-run effect of the Education Maintenance Allowance on educational attainment, earnings and crime.
26 February 2025

Scottish school spending, teachers and pupil numbers
Scotland’s schools are relatively well funded. Falling pupil rolls and workforce planning represent both challenges and opportunities going forwards.
14 February 2025

Projecting options for 16–18 education spending per student after 2025, 2009–10 = 1
To maintain spending per student at 2025–26 levels, total funding would need to rise by almost £200 million in today's prices by the end of 2027–28.
16 January 2025
Academic research

The short- and long-run effects of paying disadvantaged teenagers to go to school
This working paper studies the long-run effect of a cash transfer to disadvantaged students on educational attainment, earnings and crime.
26 February 2025

Imagine your life at 25: gender conformity and later-life outcomes
We analyse thousands of essays written by 11-year-old girls in 1969 to assess conformity with gender norms and its implications for future outcomes.
22 February 2025

Vog: using volcanic eruptions to estimate the impact of air pollution on student test scores
We demonstrate that poor air quality disproportionately impacts the human capital accumulation of economically disadvantaged children.
20 February 2025