More from IFS
Understand this issue

Spending Review 2025: What it means and why it matters
We take a closer look at the Spending Review and what the policies mean for public services, investment and the wider economy.
12 June 2025

Sure Start’s wide-ranging and long-lasting benefits highlight the impact of integrated early years services
Over the long run, Sure Start’s financial benefits could be twice as high as its costs
22 May 2025

Average household consumption spending before and after housing costs, and mean weekly per-capita income, in different local authorities, 2018–2019
Londoners may have the highest average incomes, but their household spending once you account for housing costs is lower than other regions.
11 April 2025
Policy analysis

Council tax hikes will do the heavy lifting
IFS Senior Research Economist Kate Ogden writes in Municipal Journal about what the 2025 Spending Review will mean for public services and councils.
17 June 2025

What does the Spending Review really mean for FE?
The chancellor has pledged an extra £1.2 billion annually for FE by 2028-29. But will this be enough to reverse a decade of cuts?
12 June 2025

What the Spending Review really means for schools
The next few years are going to be very tight for school budgets and forecasting anything more than a real-terms freeze is highly optimistic.
12 June 2025
Academic research

Intergenerational altruism and transfers of time and money: a life cycle perspective
We find that parental time investments increase children's human capital, but parents also enjoy time spent with children more than work.
1 July 2025

Theoretical and empirical perspectives on the link between poverty, parenting and children's outcomes
We examine different channels through which poverty affects child outcomes, as well as the evidence regarding the magnitude of their impacts.
23 June 2025

Tax equity in low- and middle-income countries
In this paper, the authors ask what role taxation can or might play in reducing inequality in low and middle-income countries.
2 July 2025