Distribution of households affected by two-child limit; universal credit claimants with children; and all households with children, by equivalised income decile

Understand this issue

Why is the government reforming health-related benefits?

podcast

We discuss the government's welfare reforms aimed at helping sick and disabled people into work, and what the changes mean for health-related benefits

14 May 2025

Average household consumption spending before and after housing costs, and mean weekly per-capita income, in different local authorities, 2018–2019

data item

Londoners may have the highest average incomes, but their household spending once you account for housing costs is lower than other regions.

11 April 2025

Rank of local authorities by average household income compared to rank by average consumption after housing costs

data item

On average, London local authorities rank at the top of the income distribution, but are bottom of the net-of-housing consumption distribution.

11 April 2025

Policy analysis

The relationship between NHS waiting lists and health-related benefit claims

report

Have increases in NHS waiting lists and waiting times contributed to the growing number of  people claiming working-age health-related benefits? 

2 May 2025

Which places have the highest standard of living?

comment

Measuring living standards using average household spending gives a starkly different picture of regional inequalities than using average income.

11 April 2025

Where and how does the government spend its money?

calculator

Explore how and where the government spends money, and how this has changed over time, in all regions and nations of the UK

10 April 2025

Academic research

Small area consumption estimates for local authorities in Great Britain

working paper

In this paper, we estimate average equivalised consumption measures across local authority districts in Great Britain.

11 April 2025

Police infrastructure, police performance, and crime: evidence from austerity cuts

working paper

Focusing on a wave of austerity cuts, I show that police station closure increased violent crimes in census blocks near the defunct stations.

27 March 2025

The menopause "penalty"

working paper

We show that a menopause diagnosis leads to lasting drops in earnings and employment, alongside greater reliance on social transfers.

21 March 2025